Updating the Definition of Stroke: Seeing the Forest and the Trees

Donald H. Silberberg

Donald H. Silberberg

FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

The American Heart Association and American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) created a new definition of stroke that encompasses both clinically manifest and silent ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions of the brain. They based this decision on the common pathogenesis of these lesions, regardless of whether or not the injury was detected by patient or practitioner.

In other words, the AHA/ASA’s answer to the age-old question was, “If a tree falls in the forest and there is no one around to hear it, it does in fact make a sound.” In contrast, the World Stroke Organization, the European Stroke Organization and the World Federation of Neurology endorsed the International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11), which requires the presence of acute neurological dysfunction to diagnose a stroke. They maintained the historical definition, which has been consistently used for decades of comparative studies and global monitoring.

These groups were concerned that the inclusion of silent lesions would create political and procedural problems with coding, statistics and public understanding. Their answer was, “The tree does not make a sound.”

However, the ICD-11 recognized the importance of silent lesions and will for the first time include a new category of cerebrovascular disease with no acute cerebral symptoms. All groups agree that silent infarcts and hemorrhages are important, but disagree about whether they should be called strokes. Nevertheless, all would probably make the same observation: “There are too many trees lying here on the forest floor. We need to clean them up and try to prevent more from falling.”

One can anticipate that discussions concerning these slightly differing approaches will continue, to the benefit of our patients and all concerned with stroke prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.

World Congress of Neurology, Vienna, September 2013

Enthusiastic congratulations are due to all who were responsible for organizing and executing the highly successful World Congress in Vienna. The Program Committee, led by Donna Bergen, assembled an outstanding series of lectures and courses. The members of the Austrian Society of Neurology were most gracious hosts. Support from the World Federation of Neurology helped to assure a significant presence of colleagues from economically pressed countries, a trend that we hope and expect will continue and increase. Reports concerning some of the activities that took place are in this issue. Importantly, the task now is to organize an equally, or even more successful 2015 World Congress of Neurology in Santiago, Chile.

Stay Informed and Up to Date at www.wfneurology.org.

websiteBy W. Struhal and Prof. P. Engel

The World Federation of Neurology (WFN) is a huge and complex structure, representing neurologists worldwide. To achieve its aim,  many international neurologists  collaborate and work on WFN projects, represent the organization as officers, or serve as editors or authors for WFN media. These initiatives play an important role in advocating the interests of neurologists on a global scale.

You can follow all of these activities and many more on our modern website, www.wfneurology.org.

What content will you  find there? A major aim of WFN  is supporting educational  initiatives and encouraging global networking. The website provides a sound insight into WFN  educational activities. These include WFN seminars in clinical neurology that provide teaching and training materials and patient care guidelines. Exchange among young neurologists  is encouraged by WFN through  programs such as the Turkish  Department Visit, and available grants and awards for young neurologists interested in extending their training internationally.

Also, reports are published on  fascinating projects such as the Zambia Project, which aims to improve medical care in that region. Young neurologists are encouraged to actively participate  in the WFN; and the website lists  representatives of young neurologists. A singularly interesting section is  neurology for non-neurologists,  which provides educational materials for areas where there is a severe  shortage of neurologists.

Bringing worldwide science  and patient care closer together  is a strong objective of WFN. You also will find details about the  World Brain Alliance, an umbrella group of international neurological organizations. WFN applied  research groups organize scientific projects and educational activities  in neurology subspecialties, and publish their activities on the website on an annual basis.

Some additional important topics you will find there:

• WFN initiatives (e.g. the WFN Africa Initiative)

• Candidates for 2013 election  including the president of WFN

• WFN officers, national WFN  delegates, WFN regional directors

Keeping Up to Date

The WFN website provides insights into our organization, but it offers more than that. Neurology news of major global importance is published in WFN’s publication World Neurology. One aim of the WFN web strategy is to establish direct interaction with its users. Social media channels are offered. You may follow WFN updates and actively exchange your thoughts with WFN on Facebook (www.facebook.com/wfneurology),  Twitter (www.twitter.com/wfneurology), or the World Federation of Neurology Linkedin group (linkedin.com).

You may want to use these  social networks to interact and  get to know other participants  from the XXI World Congress of Neurology in Vienna that took place Sept. 21-26, the first World Congress where social media channels were offered.

Aims, Vision of WFN Website

The WFN website and WFN digital footprint comprise a platform for neurologists who advocate neurology through WFN initiatives and projects, and inform the public on activities of WFN. Social media offers the prospect of increased online interactivity and the hope that neurologists worldwide might interconnect a little more. The future vision is that these digital resources will help to build a strong network of neurologists worldwide and strengthen scientific collaboration in neurological research and services.

We warmly invite you to visit our website.

World Congress of Neurology 2013: Diverse, Stimulating, Memorable

Eduard Auff, MD, is president of the Austrian Society of Neurology, local host of WCN 2013.

Eduard Auff, MD, is president of the Austrian Society of Neurology, local host of WCN 2013.

By Donna Bergen, MD, Co-chair, Scientific Program Committee

The 21st WFN World Congress of Neurology was held Sept. 21-26 in Vienna, with more than 6,300 attendees from 135 countries. It was a joint meeting with the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS), and constituted the EFNS’ annual meeting for 2013. The Austrian Society of Neurology was the local host, with its president Eduard Auff, MD, presiding.

The joint production made for a particularly diverse, stimulating and memorable congress. More than 350 of the world’s leading neuroscientists and educators provided more than 75 scientific sessions on virtually all aspects of neurology, and led more than 60 teaching courses and workshops.

Few other conferences provide a venue for neurologists from all subspecialties to meet and learn, and for young neurologists and trainees to listen to and to talk with leading scientists who may otherwise be just names in textbooks and journals.

Accessibility was a major goal of the organizers, with a sliding conference fee scale designed to make it easier for those from countries with limited resources, young neurologists and trainees to attend. The WFN also provided travel bursaries, enabling 150 junior neurologists from low resource countries to attend the Congress.

The Wiener Musikverein Concert Hall.

The Wiener Musikverein Concert Hall.

One of the highlights of the meeting was the opening plenary session, when Nobel Laureate Eric Kandel gave a remarkable talk on three innovative Viennese artists of 1900: Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka. In his recently published book, Vienna and the Age of Insight, Kandel related their artistic choices to new theories of mind of Freud [another Viennese], and used 21st century discoveries in functional brain mapping to explain perceptual  and esthetic responses to viewing a  painting. Other plenary sessions provided an opportunity to hear masterful synopses of developments in neurogenetics by  John Hardy, PhD (UK), the neurology of aging by Ayrton Massaro, MD (Brazil), and the recanalization in acute stroke by Werner Hacke, MD (Germany), among others.

For the first time, the main scientific sessions included joint sessions with member organizations of the World Brain Alliance such as the World Psychiatric Association and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. Members of the recently formed network of international neurological subspecialty organizations also convened main sessions in their areas, bringing together the world’s top neuroscientists in nearly every aspect of neurology. Reflecting its growing relationship with the WFN, the World Health Organization presented a session summarizing current programs aimed at neurological disorders such as its Non-Communicative Disease Initiative, which includes stroke as an important global target for prevention and care in the coming years.

The teaching courses took place on each day of the Congress, each day covering the main topic of the next day’s scientific sessions. The courses were attended by more than 4,500 participants. Workshops on EMG, magnetic stimulation and ultrasound of nerve, muscle and intra- and extracranial arteries offered hands-on experience and an opportunity to confer with experts in these fields. Although most of the courses were aimed at consultant neurologists, there was a course especially for young neurologists, and crucial issues such as advocacy, how to write a paper and palliative care also were covered. An analysis of attendance will help guide programming for the WCN 2015 in Chile.

The program included the premier of a waltz composed by Vladimir Hachinski, MD. Hachinski takes a bow.

The program included the premier of a waltz composed by Vladimir Hachinski, MD. Hachinski takes a bow.

The Tournament of the Minds is a traditional contest, testing the neurological knowledge of teams nominated by their national societies. The final round was fought between Australia/New Zealand, Chile, India and the United Kingdom. Following 20 questions, the finalists were the U.K. and Australia/New Zealand, with the latter winning the contest, medals and a large trophy. The tournament will be repeated in Chile at WCN2015.

The social program organized by the local host society included a remarkable concert at the stunning Wiener Musikverein Concert Hall. The conductor of the orchestra was Norbert Pfafflmeyer, MD, a practicing neurologist, and the program included the premier of a waltz composed by Vladimir Hachinski, MD, who is finishing his term as president of the WFN. The Heurigen evening at a traditional wine bar gave attendees a taste of the latest Austrian vintage and the local cuisine, and of course, the splendors and history of Vienna were there to enjoy every day.

Abstracts of the platform and poster presentations presented at WCN 2013 will be published in the Journal of Neurological Sciences, the WFN’s affiliated journal.

The next World Congress will take place in Santiago, Chile. During WCN 2013, the WFN Council of Delegates chose Kyoto, Japan, to be the site of the following Congress in 2017.

Bergen is co-chair of the WCN 2013 Scientific Program Committee.

Additional Candidate for President: Gustavo Roman

Gustavo Román

romanMy nomination as candidate  for president of the World  Federation of Neurology  has been endorsed by the  American Academy of Neurology and the Neurological Association of Colombia.

I was raised in a tropical Third World country in Latin America,  educated as a neurologist at the Salpàªtriè
re Hospital in Paris, France, and at the University of Vermont. These early experiences gave me a good background in global neurology. Fluency in Spanish, French and English — languages spoken by  2 billion collectively — has allowed  me to communicate with many  people and provided me with an  appreciation for the cultural richness  of their nations. Moreover, the practice of clinical neurology in academic  centers in Colombia and in the  U.S., in addition to international  research collaboration in many  parts of the world as director of  neuroepidemiology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), allowed  me to develop a deeper understanding  of the problems confronted by  neurologists in many parts of the  world.

WFN Involvement

I have been involved with the World  Federation of Neurology (WFN) for  more than 20 years, particularly with  the education and research groups in  neuroepidemiology, dementia and  tropical neurology. I recently created the Environmental Neurology Research Group (ENRG).

For more than 15 years, I have been a member of the editorial board of The Journal of the Neurological Sciences, the official publication of the WFN.

In 2008, I began my three-year  service as an elected trustee to the  WFN Board of Directors under the  current administration. I was re-elected  in 2011 for a second consecutive term; thus, I have participated in all major policy and administrative decisions of the WFN for the past five years.

Throughout my career, I have been  interested in numerous research topics ranging from tropical neurology, in  particular nutritional problems in  neurology, meningitis, herpes  encephalitis, neurocysticercosis and  tropical spastic paraparesis due to HTLV-1; to the neuroepidemiology of dementia and Parkinson’s disease, stroke and  vascular dementia; to recent studies of two modern epidemics: Alzheimer’s  disease and autism.

I am currently the scientific director and administrator of a large clinical and research Alzheimer’s and Dementia Center in Houston, Texas, and have been successful in fundraising.

I hold an academic position as  professor of neurology at Weill Cornell Medical College with involvement in  the neurological education of medical  students, residents and fellows, including an active observership international program.

Presidential Agenda

My presidential agenda can be summarized in the motto “Neurology for the  21st Century,” emphasizing the need  for widespread and novel use of  communication technologies such as cellular telephones and web-based social media as a forum for collaboration, education, training and service including long-distance consultations (telemedicine); encouraging the provision of imaging  and clinical neurophysiology equipment  in places where neurologists are still  deprived of these critical elements for  the modern practice of neurology;  supporting the translation and  dissemination of educational and  informational materials of the WFN  from English into other languages  as a way to improve communication among the member societies, trainees  and fellow neurologists throughout the world.

I would seek sponsorship and  multinational cooperation for  neuroepidemiological studies: By  facilitating the sharing of international databases, the WFN could allow  researchers to analyze the public health implications of the main neurological problems in different parts of the  world. I intend to reinforce the African Initiative launched by Johan A. Aarli, as well as Vladimir Hachinski’s Latin American Initiative and Asia-Oceania Initiative. I will continue to enhance the WFN collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and with other international neuroscience  societies, particularly with neurosurgery specialists.

Background

Early in life, I learned that education  is critical in order to overcome the  limitations imposed by environment and economic restrictions. I believe  that community education is also the answer to many of the neurological problems resulting from treatable risk factors such as hypertension, malnutrition, trauma and violence, among others. Therefore, public health practice and policy should become important tools for neurologists.

Increasing the number and educational level of neurologists worldwide by means of modern communication technologies must result in tangible benefits for the neurological health and care of all countries and their peoples. This presidential agenda would continue the legacy of my illustrious predecessors and enhance the name of the WFN in areas of the world where neurology is still a young specialty.

For a complete curriculum vitae, please visit www.profgustavoroman.com.

Recent Literature

Three Important Steps to European Neurology Harmonization: Core Curriculum, Visitation Program, European Board Examination

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 23829235
Struhal W, Mellgren SI, Grisold W. Eur J Neurol. 2013 Aug;20(8):e101-4. doi: 10.1111/ene.12177. No abstract available. PMID: 23829235 [PubMed – in process]

Creation of the AAN Global Health Section, Part I: Introduction and Background

www.neurology.org/content/80/22/ 2062.short
Amy C. Lee, Jerome Chin, Gretchen L. Birbeck, James Bower, and Ana-Claire Meyer. May 28, 2013 80:2062-2064

Creation of the AAN Global Health Section, Part II: Vision and Goals

www.neurology.org/content/80/23/ 2151.short
Amy C. Lee, Jerome Chin, Gretchen L. Birbeck, James Bower, and Ana-Claire Meyer. June 4, 2013 80:2151-2153

When Is a Global Health Program Global?

www.neurology.org/content/80/23/ 2088.short
Johan Arild Aarli and Oded Abramsky. June 4, 2013 80:2088-2089

New Issue of Revista Cubana de Neurologà­a y Neurocirugà­a

www.revneuro.sld.cu
The editors invite you to visit their web site to review articles and items of interest.

WFN Research Groups on Aphasia and Cognitive Disorders, and on ALS and MND

expertiseIn June 2011, the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Aphasia and Cognitive Disorders and the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on ALS and MND collaboratively organized Workshops on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementias in China and Mongolia.

Financed by the WFN, Facundo Manes, Thomas Bak, Suvarna Alladi, John Ravits and Albert Ludolph held lectures on the relationship of these two diseases, both on the neuropathological and clinical level. They were supported by colleagues from China and Mongolia, respectively.

In China, more than 200 professionals attended the meeting. The program raised alot of interest, and finally the two groups together with their Chinese colleagues  organized a Local Network of Expertise. This includes developing a registry for ALS/MND in Beijing (Professor Liying Cui), which is mirrored by a registry for ALS/MND in Germany and potentially in Scotland. Currently, financial support is requested by the Chinese and German government.

Four days later, an educational course was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It also was supported by our Mongolian colleagues and friends. The program was attended by more than 200 Mongolian neurologists. In the meantime, we have decided to establish a Local Network of Expertise in Ulaanbaatar, which mirrors the networks in Scotland and Germany. The Local Network of Expertise in Ulaanbaatar was established on Jan. 1, 2013, and the WFN will make every effort to support this project financially.

These most successful meetings show that the concept of the WFN to establish international scientific relations among physicians and basic scientists to hold teaching courses, to provide research groups a common bases and work together and finally establish Local Networks of Expertise is a most interesting future direction of clinical and basic research, which is doable and relevant for many fields.

Come to Kyoto, Japan, in 2017

kyotoWe, the Japanese Society of Neurology (JSN), would like to host the 23rd World Congress of Neurology in 2017 in Kyoto.

Founded originally in 1902, the JSN has evolved into a large society with its members topping 8,852 in the past 50 years particularly after its separation, in 1959, from the original society where both neurologists and psychiatrists were members.

During those years, Japan has developed superior human resources in a broad range of neurological subspecialty fields and conducted world-class high-quality research, primarily through cooperation with the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) as well as the Asian and Oceanian Association of Neurology (AOAN). In 1961, two years after the establishment of the current JSN, the AOAN was established through the leadership of our founders and its first meeting, the Asian and Oceanian Congress of Neurology (AOCN), was held in Tokyo in 1962. Moreover, in 1975, Japan launched a system to certify qualified specialists in neurology and has since then produced more than 4,866 board certified neurologists and 2,403 senior fellows.

With this system in place, Japan has built a rich environment to nurture its neurologists. With all this in mind, we are proud to say that the Japanese Society of Neurology has been continuously putting its best efforts to advance research, education and medical practice to a level at par with the best international standards.

The Kyoto WCN meeting in 1981 greatly contributed to the development of JSN and AOAN. Along with international cooperation and the achievements of the past 30 years, Japan is determined to make the WCN 2017 another historic meeting that will serve as a springboard to advance the Asia Initiative of the WFN for the worldwide advancement of neurology in both scientific and clinical aspects. In particular, we would like to focus on three issues in WCN 2017. First, the environment and an aging society are urgent global issues that need to be addressed, especially by the rapidly developing economies of the Asian and Oceanian regions. The Japanese Society of Neurology is in a position to contribute greatly in solving the above based on its experience in overcoming similar issues, as has been seen in its measures in controlling Minamata disease, sub-acute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) and in battling dementia.

Second, Japan is a suitable place to share information and discuss the international cooperation related to neurological medical services in the disaster. Japan experienced not only the Great East Japan Earthquake but also the tsunami and nuclear disaster in March 2011, and has been recovering from the triple disasters thanks to the generous support from all over the world. We would like to discuss the role of neurology in disaster medicine as well as express our gratitude to all the countries that kindly helped us.

Third, as a country with a high standard of neurological service and research, exemplified by the establishment of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and brain machine interfaces (BMI), Japan would be an excellent place to share information on highly efficient neurological medical services as well as results of state-of-the-art studies with our international colleagues, especially those in the Asian and Oceanian region.

Kyoto, famous for its rich history and culture, is a major part of Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area located in the central part of the main island of Japan. A former imperial capital with more than 1,200 years of history, Kyoto is a living museum with a fifth of Japan’s registered national treasures along with 17 UNESCO World Heritage sites, unmatched anywhere else in the world. In addition, Kyoto is a renowned center for its world-class sciences bearing fruit to many Nobel laureates including Shinya Yamanaka, who was awarded with the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2012. His discovery of iPS cells started a revolution in stem cell research not only in neurodegenerative disorders but also in other fields of medicine. Kyoto residents are renowned for their hospitality. Outstanding service can be expected wherever you go, be it meeting venues, hotels, restaurants or enchanting cobbled lanes, you will be welcomed with all the warmth of the cultural heart of Japan. In addition, because of Japan’s reputation for being a friendly and safe place for travelers, tourists feel comfortable traveling alone in the city at any hour of the day.

For the WCN 2017, the Japanese Society of Neurology looks forward to welcoming you to Kyoto, where you can experience the very essence of Japanese traditional and modern culture as well as the major breakthroughs and developments in the field of neurology.

Come to Seoul for WCN 2017

Since its establishment in 1982, the Korean Neurological Association (KNA) has demonstrated stable growth over the last three decades, and a lot of effort has been made to take the KNA to a global level. (For more, see “Changing Face of KNA” in Neurology 2013;80:1145-1147). Keeping up with the 30th anniversary of the KNA in November 2012, the KNA is currently preparing to make a new leap forward by planning to host WCN 2017 in Seoul.

The members of the KNA strongly believe that hosting the event for the first time in Korea can be meaningful since it will be a great opportunity for them to thank those who helped end the Korean War 60 years ago. It will be amazing for all our professional colleagues to see the unprecedented progress that Korea has made over the last six decades. Furthermore, it will be truly uplifting for those colleagues whose ancestors actually helped us during the war as they see the amazing impact that their sacrifices have brought to all Koreans. This is the reason that the KNA is so eager to host WCN 2017.

Foundation, Development of KNA

The KNA had a late start as an independent branch of the Korean Medical Association due to a rigid medical board system led by the government that did not easily permit the existence of an independent neurologic association. Through many struggles with other related fields, however, the KNA became a separate entity as an official independent academic association in 1982. The following year, the KNA began issuing the Journal of KNA. In 2005, the KNA began to issue a separate English journal, the Journal of Clinical Neurology (JCN; http://thejcn.com/) to help international readers. The JCN is published quarterly and is indexed in the SCI-E (impact factor in 2012: 1.892). In 1996, the KNA successfully held its first international conference, the Ninth Asian and Oceania Congress of Neurology (AOCN). Inspired by this success, KNA members have become more actively involved in international academic societies. Over the last decades, the KNA has made numerous achievements in the development of the fields of neurology and neuroscience, and has contributed to public health as well.

Current Activities of KNA in Korea

The number of total residents and board-certified members in neurology in Korea increased sharply to about 1,800 members. Since the late 1990s, the KNA has facilitated the establishment of diverse subspecialty societies, and has actively expanded academic exchanges with other countries. Starting with the Korean Epilepsy Society in 1996, 14 subspecialty societies have been founded.

International Activities

One of the major activities of the KNA is international collaboration. The KNA has been putting much effort to build relationships and tighten the ties between Korean neurology and other parts of the world. The KNA has been participating in the East Asian Neurology Forum to share academic knowledge and regional concerns with the neurologic societies of Japan and Taiwan. Along with the Ninth AOCN in 1996, which was the first international academic meeting hosted by the KNA, the Ninth World Congress on Sleep Apnea (WCSA 2009), organized by the Korean Society of Sleep Medicine, and the Seventh World Stroke Congress (WSC 2010), organized by the Korean Stroke Society, were landmark events that strengthened the international network.

Why Seoul as Host for WCN 2017?

Active support from the Korean Government

seoulThe Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) and Seoul Tourism Organization (STO) will provide both financial and promotional supports to WCN 2017 to be held in Seoul. The Korean Government, including the Seoul Metropolitan City, sincerely welcomes the World Congress of Neurology and looks forward to meeting the members in Seoul, South Korea, in 2017.

The KNA has extensive experiences in hosting international congresses

Recently, the KNA has successfully hosted many international congresses in diverse fields of neurology. These experiences will certainly help make WCN 2017 a great success.

Providing opportunities for contribution  to WFN to new members

By helping the KNA to host WCN for the first time, all members will be inspired by an equal opportunity policy that the WFN pursues in making contributions to the society.

Special considerations provided to  participants from developing countries

Diverse academic and financial support programs are available for participants from the developing countries in regards to registration fees, accommodations and travel grants.

Convenience during the whole stay  from arrival to departure

The award-winning airport, comfortable accommodations, go-anywhere transportation, attractive places to see, convenient shopping and more create a most memorable trip for all participants.

See, Hear, Feel Korea

Korea offers an abundance of activities and festivals including Temple stay, DMZ tours, traditional SPAs, which are only available in Korea. Korea, with the 5,000-year history embraces the cosmopolitan flair of modern cities. Korean history stretches back thousands of years, and its culture is rich, complex and totally unique. Various palaces, fortresses, gates, museums and monuments are located all over Seoul, allowing visitors to experience the rich historical assets first hand.

Above all, the enthusiasm of KNA for the WCN 2017

Despite aforementioned advantages, nothing can be more important than the enthusiasm of Korean neurologists in hosting this glorious congress for the neurologists from all over the world. We believe that our enthusiasm for hosting the WCN 2017 in Korea will be the main key for the success of the WCN 2017.

Hong Kong Welcomes 2017 World Congress of Neurology

hongkongNeurological diseases inflict high morbidity and mortality in China: Stroke is now the No. 1 cause of death with 1.7 million deaths each year; 9.2 million persons live with dementia and almost half of the 4 million people suffering from Parkinson’s disease worldwide live in China.

Teaching and research in neurological diseases have advanced greatly in the last decade but we are still far behind the standard in Europe and the U.S. A world congress of neurology in Hong Kong will lift the standard of care and research capability of neurology in China. The Organizing Committee of the 2017 Hong Kong WCN bid has confirmed $200,000 (U.S.) donations to provide scholarship for neurologists from the developing countries to come to Hong Kong and learn from the top experts.

The Bidding Committee also has secured funding of $150,000 (U.S.) from the Hong Kong Tourism Board to support social activities and hospitality arrangement in order to save the congress budget. We will continue to seek more financial support from other charitable foundations in Hong Kong.

The Hong Kong Neurological Society, with the full support of the Chinese Society of Neurology, will promote the mission of WFN in pursuit of the highest standards of neurology and brain health worldwide. The society has hosted a number of successful major international congresses in the field of neurology, neuroscience and related disciplines, including the Third International Symposium of the Asian and Pacific Parkinson’s Disease Association in 2001, the Fourth World Congress in Neurological Rehabilitation in 2006, the Ninth International Symposium on Thrombolysis and Acute Stroke Therapy in 2006 and the forthcoming 14th Asian and Oceanian Congress of Neurology in 2014. The feedback on all these meetings, many of which had thousands of delegates, was consistently excellent with regard to both the scientific content and the social and administrative aspects.

As Asia’s world city, Hong Kong is a culturally diverse and sophisticated metropolis that blends eastern and western influences into a dynamic destination. Located at the heart of Asia’s most popular business locations that also links to Mainland China, Hong Kong is a highly accessible and safe city that is renowned for its success in hosting significant international and regional conventions from the World Trade Organization’s Sixth Annual Ministerial Conference to a number of the world’s high-profile conventions. The liberal visa policy allows foreign visitors from more than 160 countries to visit Hong Kong visa free.

Hong Kong has the world-class facilities, state-of–the-art venues like the Asia World-Expo providing function space with exhibition halls and meeting space of various sizes, a vast array of accommodations and professional support services to make conference an ultimate success, not to mention the whole experience of great dining, diverse shopping opportunities, sightseeing and exploring the culture and heritage of this vibrant metropolis. A wide selection of tours, ranging from sightseeing harbor cruises to a heritage tour, are also available for delegates to join before and after meetings.

The Chinese Society of Neurology under the Chinese Medical Association is the national organization representing all neurologists and neuroscientists in China. The Chinese Society of Neurology had pledged full support of the Congress should Hong Kong win the bid. With the support of the Beijing Central Government and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, we expect thousands of Chinese neurologists and neuroscientists will attend the Congress.

On behalf of the Bidding Committee, we are confident that the Hong Kong Neurological Society will deliver a successful 2017 World Congress of Neurology and look forward to welcoming delegates from all over the world to experience the unique and truly exhilarating experience that is Hong Kong.

Neurosonology Research Group of WFN Launches Latin American Chapter

In order to promote neurosonology in Latin America, considerable efforts of the Neurosonology Research Group (NSRG) of the WFN have been undertaken during the last two years to establish a Latin American Chapter. The nucleus of the new chapter is spearheaded by a group of Brazilian Neurosonologists chaired by Viviane F. Zetola, MD, PhD, who organized a sonography workshop in October 2012 in Sao Paolo.

For the first time, there also was an opportunity for advanced participants to take part in a practical and theoretical examination according to the regulations of the NSRG. Twenty-three individuals finally passed the challenging certification procedure and received the NSRG document.

Faculty of recent NSRG teaching course in Sao Paulo: (from left) Ayrton Massaro (Brazil), Corina Puppo (Uruguay), Natan Bornstein (Israel), Silvia Cocorullo (Argentina), Viviane Flumignan Zétola (Brazil), Glória Meza Rejas (Paraguay), Manfred Kaps (Germany) and Marcos Lange (Brazil).

Faculty of recent NSRG teaching course in Sao Paulo: (from left) Ayrton Massaro (Brazil), Corina Puppo (Uruguay), Natan Bornstein (Israel), Silvia Cocorullo (Argentina), Viviane Flumignan Zétola (Brazil), Glória Meza Rejas (Paraguay), Manfred Kaps (Germany) and Marcos Lange (Brazil).

The Latin American chapter of neurosonology recently initiated a task force against Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) in which transcranial ultrasound (TCD) is used to identify SCA patients in need of transfusion therapy in order to prevent stroke. Twenty-two neurologists participated in this pilot project and identified 13 percent of 56 cases examined during one day, carrying increased risk of stroke.  The project proved efficient and will be implemented in areas with high prevalence of SCD in Brazil during the next years.

In 1992, transcranial Doppler was introduced in Brazil; neurologists now aim to expand their diagnostic scope to the extracranial brain supplying arteries, which are actually mainly in the hands of non-stroke physicians. Therefore, the priority of the Latin American chapter will focus on education and on implementation of neurosonology in stroke care programs.

“We are looking for partners throughout Latin America to cooperate and to grow. Our chapter welcomes all physicians and investigators practicing neurosonology or that are willing to enter this field,” said Zetola, professor of Federal University of Parana (Brazil). The next opportunity to meet members of the Latin American chapter will be during the 16th World Neurosonology Meeting October 2013 in Sofia, Bulgaria (www.nsrg2013.net), or the Brazilian Congress of Cerebrovascular Diseases Nov. 13-16 in Fortaleza.

Kaps is chairman of the Neurosonology Research Group.